What has been mostly responsible for advancing from the agricultural age to the industrial age

April 10, 2022 Post a Comment

The Bronze Age marked the commencement time humans started to work with metal. Bronze tools and weapons presently replaced earlier rock versions. Aboriginal Sumerians in the Middle East may accept been the commencement people to enter the Statuary Historic period. Humans fabricated many technological advances during the Statuary Historic period, including the kickoff writing systems and the invention of the wheel. In the Middle E and parts of Asia, the Bronze Age lasted from roughly 3300 to 1200 B.C., ending abruptly with the near-simultaneous collapse of several prominent Statuary Historic period civilizations.

Humans may have started smelting copper equally early equally six,000 B.C. in the Fertile Crescent, a region often called "the cradle of civilization" and a historical area of the Centre East where agronomics and the world'due south first cities emerged.

Bronze Age Tools

Ancient Sumer may have been the start civilization to kickoff adding can to copper to make bronze. Bronze was harder and more durable than copper, which fabricated bronze a better metal for tools and weapons.

Archaeological testify suggests the transition from copper to bronze took identify around 3300 B.C. The invention of bronze brought an end to the Stone Historic period, the prehistoric period dominated by the use of stone tools and weaponry.

Different homo societies entered the Bronze Age at unlike times. Civilizations in Hellenic republic began working with bronze before 3000 B.C., while the British Isles and People's republic of china entered the Bronze Historic period much later—around 1900 B.C. and 1600 B.C., respectively.

READ MORE: nine Bronze Historic period Weapons

The Bronze Age was marked by the rise of states or kingdoms—large-scale societies joined under a key government by a powerful ruler. Bronze Age states interacted with each other through trade, warfare, migration and the spread of ideas. Prominent Bronze Age kingdoms included Sumer and Babylonia in Mesopotamia and Athens in Ancient Greece.

The Bronze Age ended around 1200 B.C. when humans began to forge an even stronger metal: iron.

Bronze Age Civilizations

Bronze Age map — A map of Europe during the late statuary age, circa 1100 B.C.

Xoil/Wikimedia Commons/CC BY-SA 3.0

Sumer: Past the fourth millennium BCE, Sumerians had established roughly a dozen city-states throughout aboriginal Mesopotamia, including Eridu and Uruk in what is now southern Iraq.

Sumerians called themselves the Sag-giga, the "black-headed ones." They were amongst the first to use statuary. They besides pioneered the employ of levees and canals for irrigation. Sumerians invented cuneiform script, i of the earliest forms of writing and built big stepped pyramid temples called ziggurats.

Sumerians celebrated art and literature. The 3,000-line poem "Epic of Gilgamesh" follows the adventures of a Sumerian male monarch as he battles a forest monster and quests later the secrets of eternal life.

Babylonia: Babylonia rose to prominence in the Bronze Historic period around 1900 B.C., in present-day Iraq. Its upper-case letter, the metropolis of Babylon, was commencement occupied past people known equally the Amorites.

The Amorite Rex Hammurabi created one of the world's earliest and most-complete written legal codes. The Lawmaking of Hammurabi helped Babylon surpass the Sumerian City of Ur as the region's nigh powerful city.

Scroll to Continue

Assyria: Assyria was a major political and armed services power in aboriginal Mesopotamia. At its peak, the Assyrian Empire stretched from modernistic-day Iraq in the due east to Turkey in the west and Egypt in the south. The Assyrians ofttimes warred against the pharaohs of Aboriginal Egypt and the Hittite Empire of Turkey.

Assyria is named after its original capital letter, the ancient city of Assur, situated on the west bank of the Tigris River in modern-day Iraq.

Bronze Age Communist china

In China, Bronze Historic period civilizations centered around the Yellow River during the Shang Dynasty (1600-1046 B.C) and Zhou Dynasty (1046-256 B.C.). Chariots, weapons and vessels were fashioned in bronze using slice-mold casting equally opposed to the lost-wax method used in other Bronze Age cultures. This meant a model had to be made of the desired object, and then covered in a clay mold. The clay mold would so be cutting into sections that were re-fired to create a single mold.

Bronze Age Greece

Greece Bronze Age: Minoan Civilization — Minoan civilization on the Greek island of Crete.

DEA Picture Library/De Agostini/Getty Images

Greece became a major hub of activeness on the Mediterranean during the Statuary Age. The Bronze Age in Greece started with the Cycladic civilization, an early on Bronze Age civilisation that arose southeast of the Greek mainland on the Cyclades Islands in the Aegean Sea effectually 3200 B.C.

A few hundred years later on, the Minoan civilisation emerged on the island of Crete. The Minoans are considered the kickoff avant-garde civilization in Europe.

The Minoans were traders who exported timber, olive oil, wine and dye to nearby Egypt, Syria, Cyprus and the Greek mainland. They imported metals and other raw materials, including copper, tin, ivory and precious stones.

Around 1600 B.C., the Mycenaean civilization rose on the Greek mainland, and their culture flourished during the belatedly Bronze Historic period. Major Mycenaean power centers included Mycenae, Thebes, Sparta and Athens.

Many Greek myths are tied to Mycenae. In Greek mythology, the urban center of Mycenae was founded past Perseus, the Greek hero who beheaded Medusa. The Mycenaean king Agamemnon invaded Troy during the Trojan State of war of Homer's "Iliad," though there are no historical records of a Mycenaean king of that proper noun.

Bronze Age Collapse

The Bronze Historic period ended abruptly around 1200 B.C. in the Eye Due east, North Africa and Mediterranean Europe. Historians don't know for sure what caused the Bronze Age collapse, but many believe the transition was sudden, vehement and culturally disruptive.

READ More than: What Caused the Bronze Age Collapse?

Major Bronze Historic period civilizations, including Mycenaean Hellenic republic, the Hittite Empire in Turkey and Ancient Arab republic of egypt fell within a short menses of time. Ancient cities were abandoned, trade routes were lost and literacy declined throughout the region.

Scholars believe a combination of natural catastrophes may have brought down several Statuary Historic period empires. Archaeological evidence suggests a succession of severe droughts in the eastern Mediterranean region over a 150-yr menstruation from 1250 to 1100 B.C. likely figured prominently in the plummet. Earthquakes, famine, sociopolitical unrest and invasion past nomadic tribes may also have played a role.